Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: Alexander, Jan

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

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Bibliographie d'histoire coloniale : 1900-1930
Auteur(s) : Martineau, Alfred (1859-1945) Roussier, Paul (1882-1965) Tramond, Joannès (1882-1935)
Auteurs secondaires : Congrès international d'histoire coloniale (1 ; 1931 ; Paris)
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Grandes figures coloniales. II, Le général Richepanse : la Guadeloupe de 1801 à 1810
Auteur(s) : Sainte-Croix de la Roncière, Georges de (1872-19.. ; Comte)
Auteurs secondaires : Candace, Gratien (1873-1953)
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Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests
Auteur(s) : Liang, Jingjing J. Crowther, Thomas W. Picard, Nicolas Wiser, Susan Zhou, Mo Alberti, Giorgio Schulze, Ernst-Detlef Mcguire, A. David
Auteurs secondaires : Davis College of Agriculture - School of Natural Resources and Design ; West Virginia University Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) Yale School Forestry & Environment Studies ; Yale University Forestry Department ; Instituto Superior de Agronomia Landcare Research Departement Agri Food Animal & Environment Science ; University of Udine Hans knoell ; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry US Geological Survey [Laurel] ; United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS)

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Triomphe du thomisme, par les Éloges & les Approbations des Souverains Pontises dans ce dernier siècle.
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The West Indies
Auteur(s) : Eves, Charles Washington Augero (1838-1899)
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Rapport sur les questions coloniales adressé à M. le duc de Broglie,... à la suite d'un voyage fait aux Antilles et aux Guyanes pendant les années 1838 et 1839. Tome II, Documents et pièces justificatives. Deuxième partie, Etude de l'émancipation dans les colonies anglaises depuis l'année 1833 jusqu'au 3 décembre 1842
Auteur(s) : Lechevalier Saint-André, Jules (1806-1862)
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Complete story of the Martinique and St. Vincent horrors
Auteur(s) : Garesche, William A. (1852-1905)
Auteurs secondaires : Demessimy, Vincent (18..-1)
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Antigua and the Antiguans: a full account of the colony and its inhabitants from the time of the Caribs to the present day, interspersed with anecdotes and legends : also, an impartial view of slavery and the free labour systems, the statistics of the island, and biographical notices of the principal families, Volume 2
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